Conventional vs Unconventional

Casualty/ER

Character Analysis
Casualty - First man starts off happy and smiling - 'How you doing?' He language/tone is quite colloquial and friendly.
The patient's attitude stays the same throughout the scene. He seems grumpy and is wearing a dark blue medical gown. It is clear that he has some sort of relationship with the doctor that precedes doctor-patient confidentiality, from the conversation they're having.
It's clear that the female doctor isn't welcome and wasn't expected from the men's facial expressions when she enters the room.
This scene shows a typically male-dominated working environment and the woma is only featured for a short time.
ER - The scene starts with an argument between two ladies. The taller blonde one is being really dismissive of the shorter lady who is complaining to her. The first woman eventually wins the 'argument' which could be representing racial stereotypes.
The third woman 'Samantha' is clearly a subordinate but she also has an 'attitude' as at first she blatantly ignores what the first woman is saying to her.
There is a clear difference between the medics that bring the patient in, and the doctor. Apart from costume, the doctor's stance is taller and bolder and shows the relationship between the characters - he is superior


Sound

Casualty - Digetic sound is used as you hear the door opening and closing shut again. When the doctor and the patient are having a conversation, you can hear the beeping of the machine in the background, which adds to the atmospere and makes the hospital scene much more authentic.
Diagetic sound of the door opening is also used when the nurse enters the scene. It is loud, sudden and unexpected and immediately breaks up the conversation.
ER - Digetic sound is also used to add to the hospital atmosphere. You can hear talking in the background, the rustling of papers (especially when the man falls over at (0:20) and a telephone consistenly rings which gives the impression of the hospital being busy.

Mise en-Scene
Costume
Casualty - The doctor is wearing  wearing a dark blue shirt and dark trousers. A stethescope is a simply prop that hangs around his neck and allows the audience to know that he is a doctor.
 The nurse is wearing a pink t-shirt, a plastic overall and plastic gloves, which shows she is a nurse and has a lower status than the doctor.

Lighting
The lighting is quite similiar on these two shows. It's not too bright, as neither of the scenes are particularly cheerful, however, it's not so dark and depressing that it would seem unappealing to an audience.


Camera Angles/Editing/Composition


Casualty
Scene starts with a long shot of the main doctor, which also establishing the surroundings - you can see clearly down the entire corridor, and also his costume, which lets you know his role.

The patient is always shown in a close-up head and shoulder shot, which makes him look more powerful and less vulnerable.
The camera shots alternate between simply following the  characters and swivelling round to capture the action and simply showing reaction shots.
ER
In this scene, the camera swivels round to catch the actresses/actors at different angles. However, this one is interesting, as instead of cutting from character to character (Reaction Shots) the camera moves with and follows the characters (Tracking)

Techniques used to engage target audience/s
-Costume, Sound, Lighting and Composition immediately establishing the setting and immediately lets the audience know what to expect, e.g. if you are someone who enjoys medical dramas, you would be much more likely to want to watch the show if you KNOW it's a medical drama.
-Shots are close and personal - let's audience feel like they are part of the show and feel more attached to the characters

Scrubs (unconventional)
CHARACTER ANALYSIS
The surgeons are all portrayed as being 'cool' and 'popular.' E.g. They all sit around a big table, are loud, and are all high-fiving each other, as J.D walks past on his own.
J.D. wants to fit in but can't.
The medical residents are being stereotypically 'geeky.' Spilling drinks, wearing goggles/being unfashionable, etc.

SOUND
- Knife/Forks scraping against plates
-Sound of the camera as Karla takes a picture
Different sound effects are also used to create a comic effect. This is a very different style
E.g. As the 'Surgeons' are being cool, rock guitar chords are played in the background which adds to this idea.
Soft, floaty music is also played when J.D. is having a flashback.
Sound effects are also used when Turk makes his comeback at 1:03, and to accompany Turk/JD as they are escorted down the hallway (in J.D's imagination)
The sound/music used in this scene often relates to what is actually going on WITHIN the scene and adds to the humour of the moment.
J.D. also uses voice-overs throughout the entire thing to create humour, but also just to narrate the storyline and let the audience see his personal emotions/feelings.

                                                COSTUME/LIGHTING (MISE-EN-SCENE)

Medium lighting is always used, apart from the freezeframe in which Turk and J.D. take a picture. At this point, the camera is edits the shot to make it look like a black and white photograph.

It's obvious that the show is a medical drama as the doctors/surgeons are all wearing Scrubs. However, it detracts from the usual image of a medical drama as the opening scene starts in the canteen.
In J.D's imagination, the contrast in costumes is really huge. E.g. Turk is wearing a red fedora, golden chain and red trousers, while J.D. has a huge fur coat, a suit and a white hat.



CAMERA ANGLES/EDITING/COMPOSITION

-Composition is used for comedic effect. E.g. J.D. is dismissing the rumour that all medical residents are geeks, and at this point you can only see him and Elliot. However, after he has made this statement, the camera shot switches to his 'friends' that he is sitting with, showing them do 'geeky' things and creating an element of comedy.
- The camera zooms into J.D just before he has a flashback and then cuts straight to the next scene.
-The camera uses the 'zoom' technique a lot (the flashback is started with zooming in onto J.D's face, and ends with zooming in on J.D's hat)
- A Track is used when J.D. and Turk approach the fellow surgeons. The camera follows them as they walk down the corridor

Techniques used to engage target audience/s
-Voice over (Straight from the beginning. Engaging as is talking straight to audience. Let's us know the show won't be 100% serious.)
-Costume (Establishes setting)
-Composition (Used to create comedic effect, as opposed to ER/Casualty where it's used simply to explain effectly what is happening.)
- Camera angles are very different and I think this would engage completely differnet types of audiences, e.g. teenagers that perhaps don't have much knowledge/interest in medicine, however, the exciting different camera angles/techniques create interest.
- Sound/Music - Very sudden, might seem random at first but appropriae to specific event in the scene, as opposed to the earlier medical dramas, where digetic sound was only used to create atmosphere and no music used whatsoever. The use of popular music may help to engage a younger, more modern audience.